Search collections in Evangelism & Missions Archives where
- keyword(s): Oral History
Showing Results: 1 - 33 of 33
Collection 662: Oral History Interviews with Marcus Figueiredo
Collection
Identifier: CN 662
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews of Brazilian minister and missionary Marcus Figueiredo. Topics covered included his family background; membership in a spiritualist church, conversion; education at Seminario Biblico Palavra da Vida (Word of Life Seminary); his battle with cancer; pastoral duties at the Igreja Presbiteriana 12 de Agosto (August 12 Presbyterian Church); Evangelicalism in Brazil; Pioneer Missions; mission work in Kyrgyzstan as a teacher of English; Muslim attitudes towards Jesus; the...
Dates:
2011
Collection 583 Oral History Interviews with Gregory S. Thellman
Collection
Identifier: CN 583
Scope and Contents
Oral history with Gregory Thellman (1970- ), missionary in the Bosnian region of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997-2008) as a member of a church team. Topics covered include Thellman’s spiritual development and conversion, interest in missions, participation in his Northside Community Church’s outreach among Muslim Bosnian refugees in Atlanta, Northside’s mission teams to Mostar in Bosnia, Bosnian Christian leaders and Evangelical congregation in the city, work among children and youth, relations...
Dates:
2003
Collection 682 Oral History Interviews with Kioko Mwangangi
Collection
Identifier: CN 682
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews with Kioko Mwangani in which he describes about his work as an evangelist and pastor of the Africa Inland Church (AIC) in Kenya. Topics include his family background; early education, involvement with the ministry of DIGUNA and the movement’s leaders Vic Paul and David Rempel; higher education at Scott Theological College and Nairobi Evangelical Graduate School of Theology (NEGST), his pastorates in Rural area; influence on his faith of marriage and fatherhood; the...
Dates:
2014
Collection 472 Oral History Interview with Paul A. Contento
Collection
Identifier: CN 472
Scope and Contents
Oral history interview with Paul A. Contento in which he discusses his childhood, conversion, attendance at Moody Bible Institute, going to China in 1928 as a China Inland Mission worker, evangelistic work in Ningxia province (Inner Mongolia) and work among university students in southwest and northwest China, founding of the Inter-Varsity student movements in China, Singapore and Vietnam; Calvin Chao; the Sino-Japanese war; the communist takeover in China; founding of Singapore Bible...
Dates:
Created: 19992
Collection 169 Oral History Interviews with Harold P. Adolph
Collection
Identifier: CN 169
Scope and Contents
Oral History Interview with Harold Paul Adolph, in which he discusses his boyhood in China as the son of missionaries with China Inland Mission, conditions in China, his education at Wheaton College, medical education at the University of Pennsylvania, decision to become a missionary, and his ministry in Ethiopia as a medical missionary in African with Sudan Interior Mission; American missions in Ethiopia; family life on the mission field, and work with the Christian Medical Society. The...
Dates:
Created: 1981
Collection 535 Oral History Interview with Mona Joyce
Collection
Identifier: CN 535
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews with Mona Miller Joyce (1912-2000) in which she describes her childhood and youth, conversion and spiritual development, call to missionary work, family, work in China with China Inland Mission, husband Raymond Joyce, the Communist period in China and CIM's expulsion from the country, co-workers Dr. Jessie McDonald and Mabel Soltau, Pentecostalism, relations among missionaries, her role as a woman missionary, outreach to Muslims, their work in the Persian Gulf with...
Dates:
Created: 1996
Collection 585 Oral History Interview with John B. Lutembeka
Collection
Identifier: CN 585
Scope and Contents
Oral history interview with John B. Lutembeka in which he discusses his family and childhood in Tanzania, education in Uganda during the Idi Amin regime, conversion to the Christian faith while attending teacher's college; the development of his personal faith, the founding and growth of Big November Crusade Ministries; the rapid numerical growth of Christianity in Tanzania; the Tanzanian church's characteristics, strengths and weaknesses; his education at the Wheaton College Graduate...
Dates:
Created: 2003
Collection 190 Oral History Interview with Alan Travers
Collection
Identifier: CN 190
Scope and Contents
Oral History interviews with Alan Travers in which he discuess his work with Trans World Radio from 1959 to 1981, and the use of radio in missionary work. Topics discussed include: the history of TWR; technical and administrative details and policy of the organization; it's broadcasting and programming philosophy, finances, effectiveness and TWR's founder, Paul Freed; the locations of its stations throughout the world; how the staff members function in the stations and relate to the...
Dates:
Created: 1959-1981
Collection 058 Oral History Interview with Carol Carlson
Collection
Identifier: CN 058
Scope and Contents
Oral history interview with Carol Hammond Carlson (1985-1980) in which she describes her experiences on the Tibetan mission field. Subjects discussed include first entry into Tibet, reaction of the people to non-Tibetans, and the Islamic rebellion of 1929.
Carol Hammon was interviewed in her home by Ellen Balmer, a Wheaton College student, on November 11, 1978. There is a section of blank tape which resulted in the loss of the bulk of the interview material.
Dates:
Created: 1978
Collection 412 Oral History Interview with Gleason L. Archer
Collection
Identifier: CN 412
Scope and Contents
Oral history interview with Gleason Leonard Archer in which he describes his family background; his conversion; his education at Harvard University and Princeton Theological Seminary; his attendance at Park Street Church in Boston, Massachusetts; involvement with Robert Schneider and the Fellowship of Faith and other mission work with the Muslim community in Chicago; forming the United Evangelical Arab Mission; Muslim views of Christians; studying the Arabic language; and his time in Beirut,...
Dates:
Created: 1989
Collection 290 Oral History Interview with Merle A. Steely
Collection
Identifier: CN 290
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews with Merle Ashel Steely, who worked as a missionary with Sudan Interior Mission between 1951 and 1977 in Liberia and Nigeria. Topic discussed include: Steely's conversion while in military service, education and employment at Wheaton College (including the 1950 revival there), his missionary work in Liberia at radio station ELWA and with Sudan Interior Mission in Nigeria, teaching in mission and government schools, evangelism and church planting, Billy Graham's 1960...
Dates:
Created: 1984
Collection 392 Oral History Interviews with Dorothy J. Mainhood
Collection
Identifier: CN 392
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews with Dorothy Jane Mainhood in which she describes her childhood, conversion, spiritual growth, education at Wheaton College, call to be a missionary, and work in Thailand for Overseas Missionary Fellowship. Other topics discussed include Mainhood’s medical training, language study in Thailand, Thai people and culture, regional differences in Thailand, the Buddhist and Muslim communities in Thailand, religious syncretism, church-state relations, characteristics of...
Dates:
Created: 1988
Collection 467 Oral History Interview with Doris Schneider
Collection
Identifier: CN 467
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews with Doris Gould Schneider (1922-2009) in which she describes her family background; conversion to Christianity; preaching of John R. Rice; education at Moody Bible Institute; marriage; missionary work in Morocco; the role of women in Muslim society; raising children on the mission field; overthrow of the French protectorate; the family's move to Spain; cultural difference between Arabs and Berbers; public health in Morocco; return to the United States in 1982; views...
Dates:
Created: 1989
Collection 512 Oral History Interview with Harry L. Cox
Collection
Identifier: CN 512
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews with Harry Luther Cox (1906-2004) in which he describes his youth and family, conversion and spiritual growth, call to missionary work, service with Sudan Interior Mission in Nigeria, relations with and evangelism among Muslims, tribal characteristics, Kano, language study, establishing a leprosy station, medical missions, the Magazawa and Fulani peoples, raising a family on the mission field, furloughs, death of his sons, World War II, animists, children of...
Dates:
Created: 1995
Collection 258 Oral History Interview with Bradford E. Steiner
Collection
Identifier: CN 258
Scope and Contents
Oral history interview with Bradford Ezra Steiner (1917-1987), in which he discusses his medical work at Landour Hospital in Landour, Mussoorie, India; diseases; folk medicine; evangelistic outreach to patients in the hospital; conflicts between Christians, Hindus, and Muslims; and carrying medical care into the surrounding villages. The time period covered by the interview is roughly 1947 to 1958.Bradford Ezra Steiner was interviewed by Ted Reihmer at Steiner's home in Elmhurst,...
Dates:
Created: 1983
Collection 083 Papers of Richard E. Scheel
Collection
Identifier: CN 083
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews, slides, photographs, correspondence and a personal diary created by Dr. Richard E. Scheel, missionary to Ethiopia with Sudan Interior Mission (S.I.M.) from 1951-1971.
Dates:
Created: 1953-1970
Collection 397 Papers of Consuella York
Collection
Identifier: CN 397
Scope and Contents
Clippings, photographs, cards, sermons, handbooks, oral history interviews and other records mainly relating to Consuella York's ministry as a chaplain at the Cook County Jail, but also describing her childhood growing up on the south side of Chicago, her conversion, religious education, and work as a pastor.The materials in this collection consist of miscellaneous items from Rev. York's life, mostly relating to her prison ministry. They include newspaper and magazine clippings,...
Dates:
Created: 1953-1994
Collection 055 Papers of Otto F. Schoerner
Collection
Identifier: CN 055
Scope and Contents
Papers of Otto Frederick Schoerner a Wheaton College alumnus and missionary with China Inland Mission in Sinkiang, Honan, and Kangsu Provinces of China from 1931-1951. Collection includes an oral history interview, correspondence, autobiography, and photographs.
Dates:
Created: 1949-2006
Collection 553 Oral History Interview with Alex Sackey-Ansah
Collection
Identifier: CN 553
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews with Alex Atempo Sackey-Ansah in which he describes his family, conversion and spiritual development, education, joining PioneersAfrica, distinctives and programs of the mission, his responsibilities, PioneersAfrica director Solomon Aryeetey, Church of Pentecost, the church in Ghana, missions in Africa, African missionaries, church planting philosophy and process, conflict resolution in Africa, American perceptions of Africa and the African church, establishing a...
Dates:
Created: 1998
Collection 105 Oral History Interview with Paul D. Votaw
Collection
Identifier: CN 105
Scope and Contents
Oral history interview with Paul Dean Votaw (1917-2007) in which he describes his childhood; education at Wheaton College, Dallas Seminary, and Princeton Seminary; and missionary activities in Syria and Lebanon. The time period covered by the interview is roughly 1917-1954.Reverend Paul Votaw was interviewed by Robert Shuster on March 4, 1980, at the Graham Center offices in Wheaton. The first ten minutes of the interview are barely decipherable due to technical difficulties. The...
Dates:
Created: 1980
Collection 284 Oral History Interview with Gladys Wright
Collection
Identifier: CN 284
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews with Gladys Lyle Wright (1902-1994), in which she discusses her work as a teacher in Belgian Congo (now Democratic Republic of Congo). Topics discussed include: Wright's family background, education at Wheaton College and Moody Bible Institute, her work as a missionary in the Belgian Congo for the Africa Inland Mission, memories of the Congolese people and culture, and her experiences at Wheaton when she was on the staff of the College after retriring from the mission...
Dates:
Created: 1984
Collection 125 Oral History Interview with Jane (Teresa) Leasor
Collection
Identifier: CN 125
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews with Jane (Teresa) Leasor (1922-2009) in which she describes her post-graduate education at Biblical Seminary in New York City; teaching at a secondary school for girls and a college for women in Beirut, Lebanon; the Arabic language; Islam; the place of women in Islam society; and the relationship between various Christian churches in Lebanon.Teresa Leasor was interviewed by Robert Shuster on May 24 and September 7, 1982. There was an earlier tape recorded...
Dates:
Created: 1982
Collection 262 Oral History Interview with Raymond Buker Jr.
Collection
Identifier: CN 262
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews with Raymond Bates Buker in which he describes growing up in Burma as the child of missionaries, his education at Wheaton College, his decision to become a missionary under the Conservative Baptist Foreign Mission Society, language study; evangelization, church planting, translation, medical missions and education activities in Pakistan, working with Muslims and the Sindhi, Bhils, and Marwari tribal people, 1954-1969. Other topics discussed include: the culture,...
Dates:
Created: 1983
Collection 347 Oral History Interview with Ruth M. Long
Collection
Identifier: CN 347
Scope and Contents
Oral history interview with Ruth Margaret (Hollander) Long in which she discusses her conversion, education at Wheaton College, work as a missionary for the Sudan Interior Mission tohgether with her husband Burt) in Niger and Nigeria from 1950 through 1984. Other topics discussed include raising a family on the mission field, development of an AWANA program for Hausa children, evangelistic activities, impressions of the French colonial system, the independence of Niger, Hamami Diori,...
Dates:
Created: 1986
Collection 351 Oral History Interview with Burt E. Long
Collection
Identifier: CN 351
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews with Burt E. Long by Wheaton College student Heather Conley in which Long discusses his memories of Paul Rader and the Chicago Gospel Tabernacle, his education at Wheaton College, and his decades of services as a medical missionary for Sudan Interior Mission in Niger and Nigeria. The time period covered by the interviews is 1930-1986.
Burt Long was interviewed by Wheaton College student Heather Conley on November 26 and December 3, 1986.
Dates:
Created: 1986
Collection 387 Papers of William M. Miller
Collection
Identifier: CN 387
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews and transcripts with William M. Miller in which he describes his education at Princeton, Christian faith, and work as a Presbyterian missionary to Iran from 1919 to 1962. Besides descriptions of his evangelistic, pastoral, and educational work, he also describes many aspects of Iranian and Islamic society. Most of the transcripts are of interviews done for the Presbyterian Historical Society.
Dates:
Created: 1979-1988
Collection 391 Papers of Robert C. Schneider
Collection
Identifier: CN 391
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews, oversize materials, and a photograph, relating to the ministry of Robert C. Schneider, missionary in Spain and Morocco with Gospel Missionary Union.Series: Audio TapesTwo oral history interviews with Robert C. Schneider in which he describes his childhood, education, evangelistic work, the beginnings of Youth for Christ; attendance at Moody Bible Institute, marriage to Doris Gould, missionary work in Morocco and...
Dates:
Created: 1988
Collection 311 Papers of Charles J. Guth
Collection
Identifier: CN 311
Scope and Contents
Water color paintings and oral history interviews with Charles J. Guth, relating to Guth’s missionary work in Africa with the Sudan Interior Mission. Topics covered by the interviews include: Guth’s education at Wheaton College, preparation for the mission field as a worker with Sudan Interior Mission, his life, work, and contacts as a missionary among the Koma and Maban people of the Sudan; the culture of these peoples; the effect of Sudan's independence on the church in the Sudan,...
Dates:
Created: 1976-1985
Collection 186 Papers of M. Douglas Hursh
Collection
Identifier: CN 186
Scope and Contents
Two oral history interviews, manuscript material, photographs, and memorabilia relatingn to Marion Douglas Hursh's work with Sudan Interior Mission's Kano Eye Hospital, Kano in Nigeria from 1942-1962. Topics covered concern Hursh's education and work as a medical missionary at the Sudan Interior Mission's Kano Eye Hospital in Kano, Nigeria, as well as various aspects of church life and mission activity in Nigeria. Events described in the interviews cover the time period from 1904 to...
Dates:
Created: 1904-1982
Collection 207 Papers of Mark Larson
Collection
Identifier: CN 207
Scope and Contents
One oral history interview with Mark Richard Larson concerning his experiences as a missionary under Sudan Interior Mission in Nigeria, 1979-1981. Centers on agricultural mission work in the Kano area of northern Nigeria. Also included in the collection are prayer letters dated from October 1982 to August 1984 and an Sudan Interior Mission Prayer Guide (folder 1-2), and a scrapbook (folder 1-1). The scrapbook was used as a point of reference throughout the interview and should be used by...
Dates:
Created: 1981-1984
Collection 659 Papers of Roy W. Gustafson
Collection
Identifier: CN 659
Scope and Contents
Scrapbooks, correspondence, photos, newspaper clippings, and other documents relating to Gustafson’s education and life’s work as a minister, evangelist, Bible teacher, and staff member of the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association. Particularly well documented are the tours of the Holy Land (Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt) he led and lectured to for several decades, his participation in ministries in Africa and Asia, and his active involvement in the worldwide activities of Samaritan’s...
Dates:
Created: 1908-2002
Collection 218 Records of the Evangelical Missions Information Service
Collection
Identifier: CN 218
Scope and Contents
Correspondence, press releases, minutes, financial statements, reports, and photographs documenting the activities of the Evangelical Mission Information Service (EMIS), the publications arm of both the Evangelical Foreign Missions Association and the Interdenominational Foreign Missions Association. Activities documented include the publication of several mission periodicals, including Evangelical Missions Quarterly and Missionary News Service; organization of missionary conferences and...
Dates:
Created: 1964-1981
Filtered By
- Subject: Missions to Muslims. X
Filter Results
Additional filters:
- Subject
- Missions to Muslims. 30
- Evangelistic work. 25
- Conversion. 22
- Missionaries. 22
- Muslims. 22
- Missionaries -- Appointment, call, and election. 20
- Church and state. 17
- Indigenous church administration 17
- Missionaries -- Training of. 16
- Islam -- Relations -- Christianity. 15
- Medical care 13
- Missions, Medical. 13
- Language in missionary work. 12
- Tribes. 12
- Women 12
- Women -- Religious life. 12
- Christian life. 11
- Christian education. 10
- Christianity and culture. 10
- Missions -- Educational work. 10
- Persecution. 10
- Children of missionaries. 9
- Evangelicalism. 8
- Missions -- Finance. 8
- Bible. 7
- Catholic Church. 7
- Missionaries -- Leaves and furloughs. 7
- Wheaton College (Ill.) -- Alumni. 7
- Women missionaries. 7
- Animism. 6
- Church and social problems. 6
- Church work with women. 6
- Education 6
- Great Britain 6
- Great Britain -- Colonies -- Africa. 6
- Great Britain -- Colonies. 6
- Missionaries -- Training of -- United States. 6
- Missions -- Nigeria. 6
- Radio in missionary work. 6
- Sex role. 6
- Tribes -- Nigeria. 6
- Arabs. 5
- Christianity and other religions. 5
- Church growth. 5
- College students in missionary work. 5
- Conversion -- Personal narratives. 5
- Culture shock. 5
- Evangelicalism -- United States. 5
- Indigenous church administration -- Nigeria. 5
- Missionaries' spouses. 5
- Missions to Muslims -- Nigeria. 5
- Missions, Medical -- Nigeria. 5
- Muslims -- United States. 5
- Pentecostalism. 5
- Rural missions. 5
- World War, 1939-1945. 5
- Bible -- Study and teaching. 4
- Boarding schools. 4
- Children. 4
- China -- History -- 1937-1945. 4
- China -- History -- Civil War, 1945-1949. 4
- China -- History. 4
- Christian leadership. 4
- Church and state -- Nigeria. 4
- Church development, New. 4
- College students -- Religious life. 4
- Communism -- China. 4
- Communism. 4
- Evangelistic work -- Lebanon. 4
- Evangelistic work -- Nigeria. 4
- Family. 4
- Intercultural communication. 4
- Interdenominational cooperation. 4
- Islam -- Doctrines. 4
- Leprosy. 4
- Medical care -- Nigeria. 4
- Missions -- China. 4
- Missions -- Interdenominational cooperation. 4
- Muslims -- Nigeria. 4
- Religious institutions. 4
- Animism -- Nigeria. 3
- Baptism. 3
- Catholic Church -- Protestant churches. 3
- Christian education -- United States. 3
- Christian education of children. 3
- Christian literature -- Publication and distribution. 3
- Christian literature. 3
- Church work with students. 3
- College students. 3
- Economic and social conditions 3
- Evangelistic work -- Africa. 3
- Evangelistic work -- China. 3
- Evangelistic work -- Niger. 3
- Evangelistic work -- United States. 3
- Fula (African people) 3
- Fund raising. 3
- Hausa (African people) 3
- Hausa language. 3
- International relief. 3
- Missionaries -- Salaries, etc. 3 ∧ less
- Names
- Wheaton College (Ill.) 13
- Sudan Interior Mission. 9
- Edman, V. Raymond (Victor Raymond), 1900-1967. 6
- Evangelical Churches of West Africa. 6
- Moody Bible Institute. 6
- Fellowship of Faith for Muslims. 3
- Graham, Billy, 1918-2018. 3
- OMF International. 3
- Princeton Theological Seminary. 3
- Rader, Paul, 1879-1938. 3
- Schneider, Robert, 1918- 3
- Wheaton College (Ill.). Graduate School 3
- Africa Inland Mission. 2
- Armerding, Hudson T. 2
- Assemblies of God. 2
- China Inland Mission. 2
- Christian and Missionary Alliance. 2
- Coptic Church. 2
- Davis, Ila. 2
- ELWA (Radio station : Monrovia, Liberia) 2
- Evangelical Alliance Mission. 2
- Gospel Missionary Union. 2
- Graham, Franklin, 1952- 2
- Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia, 1892-1975. 2
- Hursh, Douglas, 1911- 2
- Interdenominational Foreign Mission Association of North America. 2
- International Fellowship of Evangelical Students (IFES) 2
- Latham, Lance B. 2
- Long, Burt E. 2
- Machen, J. Gresham (John Gresham), 1881-1937. 2
- Miller, William McElwee. 2
- North Side Gospel Center (Chicago, Ill.) 2
- Orthodoxos Ekklēsia tēs Hellados. 2
- Page, Isaac. 2
- Schneider, Doris Gould. 2
- Schoerner, Katharine Dodd. 2
- Schoerner, Otto Frederick. 2
- Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions. 2
- Woods, C. Stacey, 1909-1983. 2
- Wycliffe Bible Translators. 2
- Zwemer, Samuel Marinus, 2
- Adeney, David H. (David Howard) 1
- Adolph, Harold Paul. 1
- Africa Inland Church. 1
- Ahlman Academy (Kabul, Afghanistan) 1
- American Bible Society. 1
- Amin, Idi, 1925-2003. 1
- Anoor Sanatorium (Mafraq, Jordan) 1
- Archer, Gleason L., Jr., 1916-2004. 1
- Aryeetey, Solomon. 1
- Asbury College (Wilmore, Ky.) 1
- Asia-South Pacific Congress on Evangelism (1968 : Singapore) 1
- Awana Clubs International. 1
- Baptist Mid-missions (Organization) 1
- Barcus, John. 1
- Barnhouse, Donald Grey, 1895-1960. 1
- Barrows, Cliff. 1
- Bayly, Joseph. 1
- Bell, James W. 1
- Bell, L. Nelson (Lemuel Nelson), 1894-1973. 1
- Bible and Medical Missionary Fellowship. 1
- Big November Crusade Ministries. 1
- Billy Graham Evangelistic Association. 1
- Bingham, Rowland V., 1872-1942. 1
- Blanchard, Charles A. (Charles Albert) 1
- Blanchard, J. L. (Julia L.) 1
- Blumhagen, Jeanne, 1923- 1
- Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 1906-1945. 1
- Borden Memorial Hospital (Lanchow, China) 1
- Buker, Raymond B., 1899-1992. 1
- Buswell, J. Oliver (James Oliver), 1895-1977. 1
- Byrd, Harry F. (Harry Flood), 1887-1966. 1
- Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation. 1
- Carlson, Carol Hammond. 1
- Carlson, Robert Dean. 1
- Cary, Maude, 1878-1967. 1
- Catholic Church. 1
- Chao, Calvin. 1
- Chicago Baptist Institute. 1
- Chicago Gospel Tabernacle (Ill.) 1
- China Inter-Varsity Evangelical Christian Students Fellowship. 1
- Christian Medical Society. 1
- Church of the Pentecost (Ghana) 1
- Clark, Dennis E. 1
- Coleman, Aileen. 1
- Committee to Assist Missionary Education Overseas. 1
- Conservative Baptist Foreign Mission Society. 1
- Contento, Maida. 1
- Contento, Paul A. 1
- Cook County (Ill.). Department of Corrections. 1
- Cox, Harry Luther. 1
- DIGUNA (Organization) 1
- Dagher, Sami. 1
- Davidson, Flora Marion, 1879- 1
- Diori, Hamani. 1
- Dodds, Gilbert, 1918- 1
- Doulos (Ship) 1
- Dow, Elsie Storrs. 1
- Eastgate Church (Atlanta, Ga.) 1
- Eglise Evangelique Republique du Niger. 1 ∧ less
∨ more
∨ more