Missions -- Educational work.
Subject
Subject Source: Library of Congress Subject Headings
Found in 109 Collections and/or Records:
Africa Inland Mission (AIM) Africa Training Fund materials.
Unprocessed Material — Folder 1
Identifier: 2018-033
Dates:
2000-2018
Found in:
Evangelism & Missions Archives
Africa Inland Mission International (AIM) records.
Unprocessed Material — Multiple Containers
Identifier: 2011-041
Dates:
1923-2009
Found in:
Evangelism & Missions Archives
Africa Inland Mission Records
Collection
Identifier: CN 081
Brief Description
Correspondence, reports, personnel files, minutes of meetings, films, videos, audio recordings, and other materials documenting the work of the mission in east Africa (Kenya, Uganda, Zaire, Tanzania, Sudan, the Central African Republic) and other regions of the continent. The bulk of the collection consists of the files of the US branch of the mission, although there are also significant amounts of material from the international office and the Tanzanian field office. Topics covered include...
Dates:
Created: 1888-2009
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions Records
Collection
Identifier: CN 261
Brief Description
Microfilm edition of the files of the ABCFM. The originals are at Harvard University. The units that the Archives has are: #1, letters from the offices of the Board to foreign missionaries (including letters to missionaries working with American Indians); #2, letters from missions in Africa; #3, letters from missions in Asia; #4, letters from missions in Central Asia (India, etc.); #5, letters from missions in the Near East; and #6, letters from missions on the American continents and the...
Dates:
Created: 1827-1929
Baptist Missionary Society Archives.
Collection
Identifier: CN 223
Brief Description
The collection consists of the published microfilm edition of 90 reels of minutes, committee records, correspondence, and missionaries' papers of the British mission agency, organized in 1792. Also included is 1 microfilm reel (Reel A) that contains a guide printed by the Historical Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention and a comprehensive catalog identifying each letter included in the Missionary Correspondence, and 7 sheets of microfiche that consist of a calendar of missionary...
Dates:
Created: 1792-1914
Christians Supporting Community Organizing
Collection
Identifier: SC-200
Dates:
Other: Date acquired: 07/21/2015
Clayton L. Berg, Jr., Oral History Interviews
Collection
Identifier: CN 473
Scope and Contents
Oral historyinterviews with Clayton L. Berg, known as "Mike," former missionary, educator and president of Latin America Mission. Topics discussed include Berg's youth, family, conversion, education (including Wheaton Grad School), youth pastorate at Western Springs church, marriage and family, language training at Spanish Language Institute, Hogar Biblico, teaching and administration at the Latin America Biblical Seminary iin Costa Rica, administration of LAM's Education Division, training...
Dates:
Created: 1993
Collection 039 Papers of Sarah "Belle" Hawkes
Collection
Identifier: CN 039
Scope and Contents
Correspondence etters, reports, and photos relating to the missionary service of Sarah "Belle" Sherwood Hawkes in Persia, now Iran under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church (USA). Subjects discussed in letters include status of women in Persia, progress of mission work, and Sherwood family affairs.The collection consists of several letters written by Hawkes to her family, 1883-1899; and two reports prepared for the mission board which she served, 1884 and 1899. The...
Dates:
Created: 1881 - 1899
Collection 044 Papers of Helen M. Tenney
Collection
Identifier: CN 044
Scope and Contents
Correspondence, scrapbook, drafts, articles, and research notes which reflect Tenney's active participation in a number of evangelical ministries, but particularly her work with the Woman's Union Missionary Society (WUMS), especially the labor she put into writing a history of that organization. The bulk of the collection consists of manuscripts of that history.
Dates:
Created: 1882-1980
Collection 051 Papers of Katharine H. Schoerner
Collection
Identifier: CN 051
Scope and Contents
Oral history interview with Katherine Hastings Dodd Schoerner for the Missionary Sources Collection at the BGC Archives, in which she describes her experiences as a missionary with China Inland Mission from 1931-1951. Also included the collection are five letters written during her ministry in China describing her life there.Katharine Schoerner was interviewed by Wheaton College student Gary Ziccardi on October 20, 1978 at her home in Evergreen Park. Topics covered in the...
Dates:
Created: 1978
Collection 060 Papers of Andrew and Martha Ruch
Collection
Identifier: CN 060
Scope and Contents
Collection contains a typed manuscript of letters written by Andrew and Martha Ruch to family and other correspondents during their service in Kenya, chiefly 1922-1925, as pioneer missionaries among the Kikuyu people at the Gathugu mission station, located in the Kikuyu reserve. Topics covered in the correspondence include: experiences in Africa and the African culture, their work in education, evangelism, and medicine, the Kikuyu people and other mission-related topics. Prominent people...
Dates:
Created: 1921-1936
Collection 075 Oral History Interviews with Elizabeth Warner
Collection
Identifier: CN 075
Scope and Contents
Oral history interview with Elizabeth Howard Warner (1912-2000) in which she describes her childhood in the Canton Province of China as a daughter of missionaries, Canton Christian College where her father worked, studies and personalities at Wheaton College, her mission work among girls with Door of Hope Mission in Canton and Hong Kong, Chinese education, economic and social conditions, religion (particularly Buddhism), politics and government, the impact of China's war with Japan, and...
Dates:
Created: 1978
Collection 080 Papers of Miriam J. Dunn
Collection
Identifier: CN 080
Scope and Contents
Collection contians a manuscript of I Get Your Message, Father, written by Miriam J. Dunn relating her missionary experiences in China and Southeast Asia with China Inland Mission (CIM) (319 pp.) Topics include her childhood in China, nurses training in England, language school in China, marriage, work with Christian Witness Press in Hong Kong, and missionary work in Malaysia. The manuscript is typed on 319 pages, 8" x 11" size bond paper and...
Dates:
Created: 1978
Collection 083 Papers of Richard E. Scheel
Collection
Identifier: CN 083
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews, slides, photographs, correspondence and a personal diary created by Dr. Richard E. Scheel, missionary to Ethiopia with Sudan Interior Mission (S.I.M.) from 1951-1971.
Dates:
Created: 1953-1970
Collection 088 Papers of Paul and Catharine Gieser
Collection
Identifier: CN 088
Scope and Contents
Oral history interview with Kenneth Gieser and letters reporting to the Southern Presbyterian Mission Board in Nashville, TN on the Gieser’s work in China, written between October 19, 1934, and November 1, 1936. Also contains audio tapes and transcripts of autobiographical statements.
Dates:
Created: 1934-1979
Collection 089 Papers of Paul P. Stough
Collection
Identifier: CN 089
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews, films, videos relating to Paul P. Stough’s missionary service in the Belgian Congo with Africa Inland Mission. Materials contain information on Stough's father, Henry Stough, Wheaton College, Paul Stough's work as a missionary for Africa Inland Mission in the Belgian Congo (Zaire) and Kenya from the 1920s to the 1970s, and generally on the spread of Christianity in Africa.
Dates:
Created: 1979-1992
Collection 092 Ephemera of Robert B. Ekvall
Collection
Identifier: CN 092
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews, correspondence, photographs, and a manuscript that describe Robert B. Ekvall's education at Wheaton College, work as a missionary in China and Tibet, and military and diplomatic activities during World War II and after in China and Southeast Asia.
Dates:
Created: 1933-1980
Collection 093 Oral History Interview with Earl A. Winsor
Collection
Identifier: CN 093
Scope and Contents
Oral history interview with Earl Austin Winsor (1897-1983) in which he discusses his education at Wheaton College as a student (1919-1920) and teacher (1920-25, history, and 1939-1949, math and physics) and his missionary experiences in Africa under Africa Inland Mission, serving in what is now Zaire. Wheaton personalities, mission experiences, especially those relating to his education work, and analysis of his exposure to African government, churches, tribal customs, and health practices....
Dates:
Created: 1979-1980
Collection 105 Oral History Interview with Paul D. Votaw
Collection
Identifier: CN 105
Scope and Contents
Oral history interview with Paul Dean Votaw (1917-2007) in which he describes his childhood; education at Wheaton College, Dallas Seminary, and Princeton Seminary; and missionary activities in Syria and Lebanon. The time period covered by the interview is roughly 1917-1954.Reverend Paul Votaw was interviewed by Robert Shuster on March 4, 1980, at the Graham Center offices in Wheaton. The first ten minutes of the interview are barely decipherable due to technical difficulties. The...
Dates:
Created: 1980
Collection 111 Papers of Charles H. Troutman, Jr.
Collection
Identifier: CN 111
Scope and Contents
Correspondence, minutes, reports, manuals, and other records documenting Charles Troutman's career in Christian ministry among university students, first with Inter-Varsity in the United States and Australia and then with Latin America Mission. This collection also contains a great deal of information on evangelical Christianity in the United States, Australia and Latin America; Troutman's letters from his service in the Pacific in World War II; and reports and other information relative to...
Dates:
Created: 1924-1992
Collection 122 Oral History Interview with Gladys M. Fleckles
Collection
Identifier: CN 122
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews with Gladys Marie Fleckles (1946-2006) in which she describes her short term missionary experience with OMF in Japan. Other topics include her graduate work at Wheaton, undergraduate study at John Brown University, and work in the admissions department of Wheaton Graduate School. The time period covered by the interview is roughly 1946-1980.Gladys Fleckles was interviewed by Mr. John Svadbik twice in May 1980. The time period covered by the interviews is...
Dates:
Created: 1980
Collection 125 Oral History Interview with Jane (Teresa) Leasor
Collection
Identifier: CN 125
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews with Jane (Teresa) Leasor (1922-2009) in which she describes her post-graduate education at Biblical Seminary in New York City; teaching at a secondary school for girls and a college for women in Beirut, Lebanon; the Arabic language; Islam; the place of women in Islam society; and the relationship between various Christian churches in Lebanon.Teresa Leasor was interviewed by Robert Shuster on May 24 and September 7, 1982. There was an earlier tape recorded...
Dates:
Created: 1982
Collection 127 Ephemera of Kathy Bridegroom
Collection
Identifier: CN 127
Scope and Contents
Photographs, audio tapes, and prayer letters from Kathy Joan Bridegroom's two years as a Sudan Interior Mission worker at radio station ELWA in Liberia. Letters discuss her teaching experiences, cultural impressions, and mission activities. Ephemera from Bridegroom's missionary experiences consist of audio tapes and photographs from the ELWA mission compound including a Christmas program, closing service of summer Awana girls camp, and several worship services; pamphlets containing...
Dates:
Created: 1972-1974
Collection 131 Papers of J. Wesley and Anna Bovyer
Collection
Identifier: CN 131
Scope and Contents
Materials in this collection include photographs, hand embroidery, prayer letters, personal correspondence, naturalization papers, financial records, family trees, wills and codicils, medical documents, and records relating to missionaries J. Wesley and Anna Ellmers Bovyer, superintendents at the Home of the Nazarene Industrial Orphanage in Chinkiang, China from 1908-1941. The materials also cover the Bovyer's residence as alien enemies in a Japanese internment camp from 1941-1945 during the...
Dates:
Created: 1908-1953
Collection 134 Papers of Marian Chapman
Collection
Identifier: CN 134
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews, photographs, and prayer letters relating to the ministry of Marian Gold Chapman, a missionary with Latin America Mission in Cartagena, Colombia (1957-1975); Bogota, New Jersey (1975-1977), and Coral Gables, Florida (1977-1979).
Dates:
Created: 1980, 1995
Collection 135 Ephemera of Alfred R. Tucker
Collection
Identifier: CN 135
Scope and Contents
Correspondence, maps, clippings, pamphlets, photographs, and sketches relating the career and ministry of Alfred R. Tucker, Anglican Bishop of Uganda. Topics relate to missions in East Africa, social conditions and changes there, translation of the Bible, the abolition of slavery and a biography of Tucker planned by Mary Carus-Wilson.This collection is distinguished by its intimate picture of African life and the missionary church in this part of Africa at a period when technology...
Dates:
Created: 1890-1927
Collection 145 Records of Claremont College: China Missionary Oral History Project
Collection
Identifier: CN 145
Scope and Contents
Microfilm copy of the Claremont College missionary oral history project. Microfilm includes transcripts of interviews with 44 missionaries to Pre-Communist China, representing 15 denominations or sponsoring agencies. Includes biography on each participant and index to each transcript. Subjects covered include the Boxer Rebellion, social problems, church and state, communism, medical and educational missionary activity, social change, etc. Several significant individuals and organizations...
Dates:
Created: 1969-1973
Collection 151 Papers of Philip Quaque
Collection
Identifier: CN 151
Scope and Contents
Complete microfilmed letters of Philip Quaque, first non-European ordained priest in the Church of England, native African and missionary to the Cape Coast (present day Ghana) for the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. Microfilm includes letters and other material concerning a wide variety of SPG mission efforts in North America, 1784-91, and Africa, 1817-1855. Letters describe progress in missionary work, relations with political authorities, daily life in colonial...
Dates:
Created: 1765-1855
Collection 164 Oral History Interview with Elizabeth Small
Collection
Identifier: CN 164
Scope and Contents
Oral history interview with Elizabeth Stair Small in which she describes her missionary experiences in China between the earliest communist revolutions; includes customs, evangelizing methods, assistance of Chinese Christians in areas of central China; post-war pastoring in the U.S. The time period covered by the interviews is 1904-1980.
Elizabeth Small was interviewed by Robert Shuster on October 28, 1980 at the Billy Graham Center Archives at Wheaton College.
Dates:
Created: 1980
Collection 166 Oral History Interview with Roger Walkwitz
Collection
Identifier: CN 166
Scope and Contents
Oral history interview with Roger Walkwitz in which he describes his early life in Wheaton, Illinois, education at Wheaton College, and experiences of 23 years in the Philippines (1958-1980) as a missionary with Far Eastern Gospel Crusade. Other topics discussed include: the influence of Gil Dodds; the 1950 Wheaton College revival; work as a teacher-coach at Bryan College; aspects of cultural, religious and political life in the Philippines, including ranslation, church planting in the...
Dates:
Created: 1980
Collection 177 Papers of Zoe Anne Alford
Collection
Identifier: CN 177
Scope and Contents
This collection contains curriculum materials and lecture notes, manuscripts of messages, correspondence, prayer letters, financial records, clippings, maps, promotional materials, minutes, photographs, newsletters, oral history interview, documenting Zoe Anne Alford's work in India and among Navajo Indians in New Mexico. The collection provides a broad overview of her education, preparation and missionary career, extending from her grammar school education into her retirement. It provides...
Dates:
Created: 1925-1983
Collection 179 Records of Short Terms Abroad
Collection
Identifier: CN 179
Scope and Contents
Correspondence, personnel files, bulletins, newspapers, posters, publications, legal documents, photos, mailing lists, minutes of meetings, and other items pertaining to the operation of the organization, Short Terms Abroad, which brought together individuals with particular skills(such as teaching or construction) and an interested in serving as missionaries for a limited time with missions having temporary needs for those skills.
Dates:
Created: 1965-1976
Collection 184 Records of the Campus-in-the-Woods
Collection
Identifier: CN 184
Scope and Contents
Personal correspondence, cards, resumes, and mission newsletters from a group of Canadian and American students who attended an Inter-Varsity Christian Fellowship summer camp, 1951, near Toronto, Canada. This collection documents an eighteen-year period of the lives of those who communicated with Lois Ottaway with information which was compiled by her for an informal, annual Campus-in-the-Woods Newsletter.
Dates:
Created: 1961-1981
Collection 185 Papers of Albert and Muriel Nichols
Collection
Identifier: CN 185
Scope and Contents
Correspondence, photos, negatives and miscellaneous documents concerning family events and career decisions relating to the Nicholas’ missionary work in Sierra Leone. The bulk of the letters were sent to family during a two year period while the Nichols were serving as missionaries to Sierra Leone, where Albert was director of Industrial Education at Albert Academy. Topics include life in and methods of education of an urban missionary school in the 1920's, teaching industrial education at...
Dates:
Created: 1904-1952
Collection 187 Papers of Eleanor R. Elliott
Collection
Identifier: CN 187
Scope and Contents
Family correspondence, prayer letters, brochures, newspaper clippings, prayer cards and letters from other missionaries, photographs, slides, negatives, journals and diaries, and eight interviews concerning Elliott's childhood in China, mission work with China Inland Mission (now Overseas Missionary Fellowship) in China and the Philippines, her experiences as an evangelist and teacher, her life in China during the Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945, and the civil war that followed. Her retirement...
Dates:
Created: 1910-1988
Collection 201 Oral History Interview with Russell P. Shedd
Collection
Identifier: CN 201
Scope and Contents
Three oral history interviews with Russell Philip Shedd, in which he describes his upbringing by missionary parents in Bolivia; education at Wheaton College, Faith Seminary (PA), and the University of Edinburgh; Billy Graham's evangelistic meetings at Harringay and Edinburgh in 1954/55; evangelism opportunities in Scotland, 1953-55; and work with the Conservative Baptist Foreign Mission Society in Portugal, 1959-62, and Brazil, 1962-82. The time period covered by the interviews is 1929 to...
Dates:
Created: 1982
Collection 207 Papers of Mark Larson
Collection
Identifier: CN 207
Scope and Contents
One oral history interview with Mark Richard Larson concerning his experiences as a missionary under Sudan Interior Mission in Nigeria, 1979-1981. Centers on agricultural mission work in the Kano area of northern Nigeria. Also included in the collection are prayer letters dated from October 1982 to August 1984 and an Sudan Interior Mission Prayer Guide (folder 1-2), and a scrapbook (folder 1-1). The scrapbook was used as a point of reference throughout the interview and should be used by...
Dates:
Created: 1981-1984
Collection 228 Oral History Interview with Lyndon Hess
Collection
Identifier: CN 228
Scope and Contents
Oral history interview with Lyndon Roth Hess in which he describes his missionary service in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) between 1932 and 1975 as a teacher of missionary children, assistant to village pastors and other work with the Lunda people. Topics include cultural influences on missionary children, education at Wheaton College, missionary service with Brethren Assemblies in Zambia teaching children of missionaries, the national African church, tribal tensions, Marxism, influence of...
Dates:
Created: 1982
Collection 230 Oral History Interview with John A. Gration
Collection
Identifier: CN 230
Scope and Contents
Oral history interview with John Alexander Gration (1926-2012). Topics discussed include: Gration's Christian activities in high school and the U.S. Navy, education at Moody Bible Institute, Gordon College, and Wheaton College; his spiritual growth and call to become a missionary, his marriage, and his first impressions of and missionary experiences with Africa Inland mission in the Belgian Congo (now Democratic Republic of Congo), Christianity and culture, animism, superstition, AIM...
Dates:
Created: 1982
Collection 231 Papers of Ian and Helen Anderson
Collection
Identifier: CN 231
Scope and Contents
Correspondence, diaries, articles, clippings, manuscripts, photographs, photo albums, songbooks, lecture and sermon notes, maps, audio tapes, etc. related to the Ian and Helen Anderson's mission work with the Overseas Missionary Fellowship. The materials document their careers in China until 1951, in Taiwan until 1956, and in the Philippines until 1971, and again in Taiwan until 1974. Materials also reflect their work as regional representatives for OMF following their retirement in 1974....
Dates:
Created: 1928-1995
Collection 237 Records of the Slavic Gospel Association
Collection
Identifier: CN 237
Description:
Correspondence, minutes, prayer letters, audio tapes, films, and other materials documenting the work of the Slavic Gospel Association among Slavic peoples, primarily Russians. Records deal with the early career of Peter Deyneka Sr.; work of individual missionaries; long range planning for the mission; media ministry (radio, film, both before and after the collapse of the Soviet Union video, literature); and evangelism in Europe, North America and South America. Collection contains...
Dates:
Created: 1922-2002
Collection 252 Oral History Interviews with Robert and Joan Brain
Collection
Identifier: CN 252
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews with Robert Wesley Brain and Joan Gordon Brain, in which they discuss their life and faith, particularly their work as missionaries in Zambia with Africa Evangelical Fellowship. The Brains were interviewed separately for this collection. In the Robert Brain interview, he discusses his life on the mission field in Angola as a child and as an adult serving Africa Evangelical Fellowship at Catota Bible Institute until 1975, Manna Bible Institute in Zambia, translating...
Dates:
Created: 1983
Collection 256 Oral History Interviews with Malcolm and Helen Sawyer
Collection
Identifier: CN 256
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews with Malcolm Maurice Sawyer (1919-2007) and with Helen Irvin Sawyer, in which the Sawyers discuss their childhood, education, and working for the Christian and Missionary Alliance in China, 1948-1950 and in Laos, 1950-1975. Mission activities in Laos include church planting, training of pastors, and medical assistance to the Khamu and Hmong peoples, language study, Vietnam, Thailand and Tibet, transfer to Laos, cultural differences, political situation in Vietnam,...
Dates:
Created: 1985
Collection 262 Oral History Interview with Raymond Buker Jr.
Collection
Identifier: CN 262
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews with Raymond Bates Buker in which he describes growing up in Burma as the child of missionaries, his education at Wheaton College, his decision to become a missionary under the Conservative Baptist Foreign Mission Society, language study; evangelization, church planting, translation, medical missions and education activities in Pakistan, working with Muslims and the Sindhi, Bhils, and Marwari tribal people, 1954-1969. Other topics discussed include: the culture,...
Dates:
Created: 1983
Collection 263 Oral History Interview with Margaret Carlson
Collection
Identifier: CN 263
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews with Margaret Johanna (Larson) Carlson in which she describes growing up in Ecuador as the child of missionaries, her education at Westmont and Wheaton Colleges, her nursing experience, and her missionary service with her husband at the Christian and Missionary Alliance Seminary in Hong Kong. Other topics discussed include: the founding of a HCJB radio station by her father, Reuben Larson, and her involvement in Wheaton College's HNGR Program. Individuals described...
Dates:
Created: 1983
Collection 279 Oral History Interview with Elizabeth Evans
Collection
Identifier: CN 279
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews with Elizabeth Morrell Evans (1899-1976) in which she discusses her childhood; education at Wheaton College; work with J. Elwin Wright; her Christian education activities; the development of the New England Fellowship, the National Association of Evangelicals, and the World Evangelical Fellowship; and her work as a missionary in Taiwan. The time period covered by the interviews is 1899-1976.Elizabeth Evans was interviewed by Robert Shuster on October 8,...
Dates:
Created: 1984-1985
Collection 280 Papers of Malla Moe
Collection
Identifier: CN 280
Scope and Contents
Diaries, notebooks, correspondence, clippings, financial records, tracts, photographs, and certificates belonging to Malla Moe, missionary to South Africa, 1892-1953, under Scandinavian Alliance Mission (later TEAM). Correspondence documents evangelistic work among South African tribes in Swaziland and Tongoland and includes descriptions of the Boer War, life in African communities, and church growth.
Dates:
Created: 1893-1955
Collection 284 Oral History Interview with Gladys Wright
Collection
Identifier: CN 284
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews with Gladys Lyle Wright (1902-1994), in which she discusses her work as a teacher in Belgian Congo (now Democratic Republic of Congo). Topics discussed include: Wright's family background, education at Wheaton College and Moody Bible Institute, her work as a missionary in the Belgian Congo for the Africa Inland Mission, memories of the Congolese people and culture, and her experiences at Wheaton when she was on the staff of the College after retriring from the mission...
Dates:
Created: 1984
Collection 290 Oral History Interview with Merle A. Steely
Collection
Identifier: CN 290
Scope and Contents
Oral history interviews with Merle Ashel Steely, who worked as a missionary with Sudan Interior Mission between 1951 and 1977 in Liberia and Nigeria. Topic discussed include: Steely's conversion while in military service, education and employment at Wheaton College (including the 1950 revival there), his missionary work in Liberia at radio station ELWA and with Sudan Interior Mission in Nigeria, teaching in mission and government schools, evangelism and church planting, Billy Graham's 1960...
Dates:
Created: 1984
Collection 307 Ephemera of Christian Films and Videos
Collection
Identifier: CN 307
Scope and Contents
Moving image recordings in this collection provide a representative sampling of post-war evangelical Christian film companies, and cover various topics such as dramatizations of stories from the life of Jesus and of the Apostle Paul, Christian lifestyle, church and social issues, communism, drug and alcohol abuse, evangelism, immigration, materialism, mass media in religion, meaning of life, missions, the natural world as a reflection of God, politics, refugees, relationships, rock and roll,...
Dates:
Created: 1940-1986